Opera in three acts
Music by Pietro Mascagni
Libretto by Luigi Illica
Iris is a sensory feast and a rare opportunity to experience Italian opera at its most atmospheric and emotionally raw. Set not in a literal Japan, but a mythical one, it is a striking, symbolic masterpiece exploring the fragility of innocence in an uncaring world.
Mascagni is best known for his first opera to be staged, Cavalleria rusticana, the work that changed operatic history by launching the verismo movement with panache and which opened in the Italian capital in 1890 to overwhelming acclaim. Iris – the fifth of his works to grace the Wexford stage – offers something more ethereal. Conducted by Francesco Cilluffo, whose reputation as a definitive interpreter of Mascagni’s lush scores is further cemented by this, his third production of the composer’s work at the Festival.
The opera invites us into the inner world of Iris, a young girl lured from her home into the city’s dark pleasure quarters. A victim of societal corruption and exploitation, Iris remains luminous and untouched even as the world around her grows monstrous. She is a figure of tragic isolation – an object to be desired or judged, navigating a path toward a harrowing yet transcendent end. Musically staggering, powerful and provocative, Iris features one of the most dramatic choral sequences in the entire opera repertoire. The magnificent ‘Hymn to the Sun’ bookends the opera, serving as both a powerful prologue and a redemptive, mystical epilogue.
First performance: 22 November, 1898 at the Teatro Costanzi in Rome. Previously staged at Wexford Festival Opera in October 1995
★★★★★ With direction this sensitive and a cast of such quality, Iris deserves to be heard more frequently
★★★★★ Soprano Leyla Gu gives an outstanding performance of the title role, conveying curiosity and innocence before descending into bewilderment and terror in the face of debauched sensuality. Her voice was powerful yet capable of the most delicate wisps of phrasing, conveying an almost ethereal purity
★★★★★ Her acting was utterly captivating, as was her balletic grace
★★★★★ Calleja's rendition of “Apri la tua finestra” revelled in the dramatic irony of a love song that preceded the destruction of Iris’ life. The sweet heft of his voice and taut vibrato made him vocally seductive even as he attempted to seduce Iris. I was particularly struck by the conflict between his natural lyricism and Osaka’s darker dramatic function. As Calleja paced menacingly around the cage in which Iris was trapped, the sheer beauty of his voice belied the ugliness of his actions
★★★★★ Jihoon Kim was marvellous as Il Cieco ... His mellifluous bass lent solemnity and conviction to the father’s righteous anger, while his portrayal of blindness was thoroughly convincing
★★★★★ Kyoto, the slimy procurer, sung by Jolyon Loy. Dressed in an open leather jacket revealing chest tattoos, he looked every inch the part and delivered his lines with a powerful baritone
★★★★★ In the pit, conductor Francesco Cilluffo kept the score on track. Mascagni’s music has its uneven moments, with less compelling passages between the great surges of passion. Cilluffo navigated these with assurance, maintaining a sense of the opera’s overall arc and allowing the score’s more magnificent moments to make their full impact
★★★★★ The Wexford Festival Opera Chorus was outstanding. Mascagni gives the chorus some thrilling music
★★★★ This work clearly demonstrates Mascagni’s musical development in his uniquely characteristic harmony, orchestral colour and rhythmic freedom. A master of the composer’s style, conductor Francesco Cilluffo encapsulates the score’s virtues in his vivid realisation
★★★★ At the centre of the cast are two outstanding performances. Chinese soprano Leyla Gu is a revelation as Iris, a long and demanding role, for which she has every vocal requirement. Hers is an exciting voice that will surely take her far. Matching her in the smaller role of Osaka is Maltese tenor Joseph Calleja, whose individual tone and keen sense of style bring his character to life
★★★★ The orchestra and chorus sound marvellous. Mascagni’s neglected opera is impressively served
Cast
| Iris | Leyla Gu |
| Osaka | Joseph Calleja* |
| Osaka (20 Oct) | Yuchen Pan |
| Il Cieco | Jihoon Kim |
| Kyoto | Jolyon Loy |
| Dhia | Hannah O'Brien |
| Merciaiuolo | Yu Shao |
| Il Cenciaiuolo | Yu Shao |
| Un Cenciaiuolo I | Meilir Jones |
| Un Cenciaiuolo II | Joshua Baxter |
*Joseph Calleja will sing the role on 15, 23, 28 and 31 Oct.
Dancers | Aerialist | Puppeteers
Dancers: Nausikáa Maldari, Veronica Morello, Miryam Tomé
Wexford School of Ballet & Performing Arts: Faye Kehoe, Alex O'Brien Ottley, Stella Parle, Lily Siggins
Aerialist: Hannah Scully
Puppeteers: Caoimhe Dunn, Dominic Palmer, Eddie McCarthy
Creative Team
| Conductor | Francesco Cilluffo |
| Stage Director | Rosetta Cucchi |
| Set Designer | Tiziano Santi |
| Costume Designer | Claudia Pernigotti |
| Video Designer | Thomas Achitz |
| Choreographer | Libby Seward |
| Lighting Designer | Daniele Naldi |
| Assistant Conductor | Stefan Bone |
| Assistant Director | Chiara Zunino |
| Assistant Set Designer | Alessandra Bianchettin |
| Assistant Choreographer | Luisa Baldinetti |
The Plot
ACT I
Iris lives in a simple cottage on the edge of Edo (now Tokyo) with her dependent father, Il Cieco (The Blind Man). Waking from a nightmare, Iris recalls seeing her sick doll being attacked by monsters in the garden, and then holding it up towards the sun to be healed.
The monsters of which Iris dreams are all too real. The rake Osaka and the pimp Kyoto spy on her. Deciding to kidnap her, they entice her with a puppet show, a street entertainment in which Osaka will represent Jor – son of the sun god – alongside dancers and strolling players.
The entertainers arrive surrounded by loud and enchanting music, all of which fascinate Iris but not her father. Kyoto introduces himself as Danjuro, the puppet master. As the performance begins an actor sings the part of the lonely Dhia. Kyoto and Osaka see how fascinated Iris is by everything she sees and hears. Osaka steps forward to embody Jor. He sings his seductive serenade, offering Dhia sunlight and warmth; when she dies he will lead her to the eternal realms.
During a ballet sequence, Iris is seized and spirited away towards the city. Il Cieco calls desperately for his daughter. Unable to find her, he falls. A passer-by helps him to his feet and discovers a note and money left behind by Kyoto. He tells the old man that Iris has gone to Yoshiwara, Edo’s red-light district. Believing that his daughter has abandoned him, Il Cieco begs to be taken there, determined to punish her for what he sees as her betrayal.
ACT II
The second act is set in Kyoto’s brothel. Osaka sees the sleeping Iris and exclaims at her beauty. But what if she should resist him? Kyoto tells him that his expensive gifts will persuade her.
Iris awakens in the strange place and is amazed by the richness of her attire. Remembering her father, she bursts into tears. When Osaka approaches her, she retreats, believing him to be Jor. She recalls another dream in which she saw a young girl lying by the shore when out of the sea rose a monster whose tentacles covered her whole body. She begs Osaka to let her return to her father.
Osaka tries to embrace her, but she pulls away; he gives up and leaves. Kyoto decides instead to exhibit Iris on the balcony. When she refuses, he threatens to have her thrown over a precipice. She is placed on the veranda. The screens are opened and Iris instantly attracts attention from a crowd of potential clients. Osaka returns and, seeing Iris displayed before the crowd, is once again struck by her beauty. Yet even now he remains incapable of overcoming his own selfishness and seeing the human being before him.
Il Cieco appears and when the crowd lets him through, he picks up handfuls of mud and hurls them at Iris. Horrified, she throws herself down to the sewer below.
ACT III
In the stagnant waters of the sewer, ragpickers search through the refuse for anything of value. One of them discovers Iris, still dressed in the remnants of her glamorous clothes. Believing her dead, they hesitate to touch her body. But Iris is still alive.
As consciousness slowly returns, she hears within her mind, one after another, the voices of the three men who have destroyed her: Osaka, Kyoto and her blind father. They are no longer simply men, but the voices of three different forms of egoism: Osaka’s desire, Kyoto’s greed and Il Cieco’s possessive love. Each has looked at Iris without ever truly seeing her. Each has demanded something from her, yet none has recognised her as a human being in her own right.
When their voices finally disappear, Iris is left alone. She cannot understand why the world has forced her to suffer so much. Slowly the first rays of the sun appear in the sky and shine down upon her. She feels life renewed within and stretches out her hands towards the sun.
As she dies, Iris is transformed. No longer the child, the daughter, the object of desire or the victim of other people’s selfishness, she becomes the flower whose name she bears. Light floods the stage and her body is lifted towards the sun. And the Sun itself begins to sing. The opera returns to the great hymn with which it began, now transformed into an overwhelming chorus of light and transcendence. Iris has escaped the world that sought to possess her and, in death, becomes immortal — absorbed into the light that she had trusted from the very beginning.
Watch & Listen
Interview with director Rosetta Cucchi and conductor Francesco Cilluffo
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